The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.
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最近,出于手术目的,基于视频的应用程序的发展不断增长。这些应用程序的一部分可以在程序结束后离线工作,其他应用程序必须立即做出反应。但是,在某些情况下,应在过程中进行响应,但可以接受一些延迟。在文献中,已知在线访问性能差距。我们在这项研究中的目标是学习绩效 - 延迟权衡并设计一种基于MS-TCN ++的算法,该算法可以利用这种权衡。为此,我们使用了开放手术模拟数据集,其中包含96个参与者的视频,这些视频在可变的组织模拟器上执行缝合任务。在这项研究中,我们使用了从侧视图捕获的视频数据。对网络进行了训练,以识别执行的手术手势。幼稚的方法是减少MS-TCN ++深度,结果减少了接受场,并且还减少了所需的未来帧数。我们表明该方法是最佳的,主要是在小延迟情况下。第二种方法是限制每个时间卷积中可访问的未来。这样,我们在网络设计方面具有灵活性,因此,与幼稚的方法相比,我们的性能要好得多。
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正常的胎儿脂肪组织(AT)发育对于围产期健康至关重要。在或简单地脂肪以脂质形式存储能量。营养不良可能导致过度或耗尽的肥胖。尽管以前的研究表明,AT和围产期结局的量之间存在相关性,但缺乏定量方法,对AT的产前评估受到限制。使用磁共振成像(MRI),可以从两个点Dixon图像中获得整个胎儿的3D脂肪和纯水图像,以在脂质定量时启用。本文是第一个提出一种基于Dixon MRI的胎儿脂肪分割的深度学习方法的方法。它优化了放射科医生的手动胎儿脂肪描述时间,以生成带注释的培训数据集。它由两个步骤组成:1)基于模型的半自动胎儿脂肪分割,由放射科医生进行了审查和纠正; 2)使用在所得的注释数据集中训练的DL网络的自动胎儿脂肪分割。培训了三个DL网络。与手动分割相比,我们显示出分割时间(3:38小时至<1小时)和观察者变异性(0.738至0.906)的显着改善。用3D残差U-NET,NN-UNET和SWIN-UNETR TRONSERTER网络对24个测试用例进行自动分割,平均骰子得分分别为0.863、0.787和0.856。这些结果比手动观察者的变异性更好,并且与自动成人和小儿脂肪分割相当。一名放射科医生审查并纠正了六个新的独立案例,并使用最佳性能网络进行了细分,导致骰子得分为0.961,校正时间显着减少了15:20分钟。使用这些新颖的分割方法和短暂的MRI获取时间,可以在临床和大型果园研究中量化全身皮下脂质的单个胎儿。
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超声检查的胎儿生长评估是基于一些生物特征测量,这些测量是手动进行并相对于预期的妊娠年龄进行的。可靠的生物特征估计取决于标准超声平面中地标的精确检测。手动注释可能是耗时的和依赖操作员的任务,并且可能导致高测量可变性。现有的自动胎儿生物特征法的方法依赖于初始自动胎儿结构分割,然后是几何标记检测。但是,分割注释是耗时的,可能是不准确的,具有里程碑意义的检测需要开发特定于测量的几何方法。本文描述了Biometrynet,这是一个克服这些局限性的胎儿生物特征估计的端到端地标回归框架。它包括一种新型的动态定向测定(DOD)方法,用于在网络训练过程中执行测量特定方向的一致性。 DOD可降低网络训练中的变异性,提高标志性的定位精度,从而产生准确且健壮的生物特征测量。为了验证我们的方法,我们组装了一个来自1,829名受试者的3,398张超声图像的数据集,这些受试者在三个具有七个不同超声设备的临床部位收购。在两个独立数据集上的三个不同生物识别测量值的比较和交叉验证表明,生物元网络是稳健的,并且产生准确的测量结果,其误差低于临床上允许的误差,优于其他现有的自动化生物测定估计方法。代码可从https://github.com/netanellavisdris/fetalbiometry获得。
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